Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/149191000?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Tuesday, 18 October 2011
Introducing Slate?s Negotiation Academy
Unless you negotiate for a living, the prospect of a face-to-face back-and-forth over your salary, or the price of a home, or the value of an enticing treasure at a yard sale may strike you as little more than a necessary evil. But if that?s how you regard negotiating, chances are your lunch is regularly being eaten by people who do haggle for a living. And even if you relish the thrill of the occasional clash over cash, you could always do better.
Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=159c8c55b5fdcded6fefcb26b777f22b
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Sunday, 16 October 2011
Tuesday, 11 October 2011
Watch Edmonton Oilers vs Pittsburgh Penguins Live Stream Hockey ...
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UFC 136 picks, Vegas-style: Florian might be best value play at plus-300
The UFC's deepest card of the year presents some pretty interesting gambling challenges. One title fight is basically a toss-up while the other is being booked as a blowout.
Frank Edgar is still a small favorite over a guy he's 0-1-1 against in Gray Maynard. Edgar is minus-130 with Maynard coming back at plus-110.
The bettors don't feel the same about Kenny Florian as an underdog. He's as big as plus-350. Jose Aldo hasn't lost a fight since 2005 and has won all nine of his fights under the Zuffa banner.
Yahoo! Sports' lead MMA writer Kevin Iole joined me on ESPNRadio1100/98.9 FM in Las Vegas to breakdown the card and make his picks. Listen here for audio.
UFC 136 betting odds:
Best bets in bold
Gray Maynard (+110) vs. Frank Edgar (-130)- UFC lightweight title
Jose Aldo (-360) vs. Kenny Florian (+300) - UFC featherweight title
Demian Maia (-300) vs. Jorge Santiago (+250) - Middleweight
Leonard Garcia (+200) vs. Nam Phan (-240) - Featherweight
Chael Sonnen (-250) vs. Brian Stann (+210)- Middleweight
Melvin Guillard (-410) vs. Joe Lauzon (+330)- Lightweight
Jeremy Stephens (+240) vs. Anthony Pettis (-280)- Lightweight
Eric Schafer (+325) vs. Aaron Simpson (-400)- Middleweight
Steve Cantwell (-135) vs. Mike Massenzio (+115) - Middleweight
Darren Elkins (+110) vs. Tie Quan Zhang (-130) - Featherweight
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Monday, 10 October 2011
Faith in Memphis | Blog | A dignified death takes some preplanning
When someone we know is nearing death, how do we help them die with dignity? How do we help the family navigate the medical desire to preserve life at all cost? How can we prepare to die with dignity?
I realize my knowledge of some of my congregants is limited to our presence together in our church building on Sunday mornings. This tells me nothing really of the texture and depth of their faith. I don?t see that usually until I?m called to meet them at the hospital?emergency surgery, a child?s accident, complications in illness, imminent death. Then it?s kind of like seeing a woman without her makeup for the first time. I don?t mean to imply my people are heavily ?made up? on Sunday mornings, as if church services are inherently inauthentic venues. That?s false. But illness, suffering, and death reveal us as we truly are?the blemishes in our expectations of life and God, the lines on our hopes, the scars or pockmarks that tell the stories of what we?ve faced.
Preparation for death is made in life, and the sooner the better, for none of us know the day or hour of our death. Most people place human deaths into one of two categories: expected and unexpected. I?ve conducted funerals for both: for the octogenarian whose health ebbed to the point her family was called in to say their goodbyes, and for the child who hadn?t yet learned how to say hello. And I?ve seen the range of response to the prospect of dying, from wild panic to quiet submission. Age has very little to do with it, by the way. I?ve watched older people come unnerved and younger people display remarkable repose with Death standing right behind their shoulder.
I think much of our response has to do with what we believe is actually happening at death. Evangelical Christians believe our deaths are in essence graduations to ?fully alive? perfection in Jesus? presence (what the New Testament calls ?glorification?). So then death is not something to be feared or dreaded, though means of dying may be?and it is only human to experience some measure of anxiety over separation from family and friends if one knows he/she is dying.
We want our family and friends there to serve, care for, and comfort us if we live to experience an ?expected? death spiral (as opposed to death-by-accident or sudden cardiac arrest). Death is inevitable, but dignified death is not. Indecision, squabbling among family members, prolonging life in illness via medical means solely due to fear, guilt, and the inability to say goodbye, or the subtly self-centered heroism of ?I won?t give up on you? conspire to stress and burden the death process needlessly. Some families never recover from the relational wounds they put on each other ?back when Mom was dying.? We can reduce that stress now for family and friends by making our wishes and expectations plain (unambiguous) and known (communicated). For instance, my wife knows (and it?s stipulated in our will) that I don?t want to be kept alive by artificial means?such as a ventilator or feeding tube or more drugs?if to the best estimate of medical wisdom there really is very little hope of my recovery. Let me go on to Heaven and see my Savior! As Eric Liddell (Chariots of Fire) put it, ?Christians never say goodbye for the last time.?
So a dignified death is not without some measure of preplanning, I think. Thankfully I don?t run into this much, but there are families that simply won?t do it; they won?t discuss the decisions of death like when to resuscitate or whether to be kept ?artificially alive? via medical means or organ donation. It?s almost as if they think they?re jinxing themselves if they bring it up, or that it won?t happen if they don?t bring it up. But this is no service to the family later. It?s not morbidity to bring it up, it?s stupidity if you don?t. Bring it up now so that your family?s grief when you die is the grief of missing you, not the grief of fussing over you.
Source: http://faithinmemphis.com/2011/10/08/a-dignified-death-takes-some-preplanning/
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Achieving Accurate Bookkeeping Through Outsourcing ...
Bookkeeping is one of the most important functions in running a business.? Managing and tracking financial operations is vital in making financial decisions.? It is all about keeping records of transactions that take place every day and reporting the same in an accurate and reliable manner.? All accounting reports submitted to government agencies is rooted from the records maintained through bookkeeping.? It is the basis for financial solutions and techniques that can be useful for each and every business.
Bookkeeping is basically done in two different ways.? This includes the single-entry bookkeeping and the double-entry bookkeeping.
1.?????? Single-entry bookkeeping method ? Involves the maintenance of record on the accounts book in a simple and uncomplicated manner.? All record of financial transactions, amount received and amount spent, is maintained in a single-entry.
Double-entry bookkeeping method ? On the other hand, the double-entry bookkeeping method is a bit sophisticated as it requires making changes in the debit and credit accounts after each transaction.? This method makes it easy to detect errors in calculations.? The credit amount must match with the debit amount and any mismatch is a clear signal that something went wrong while maintaining the records.
2.?????? Outsourcing the bookkeeping function has become the most effective strategy businesses employ to deal with the said complex task.? Any business entity can take advantage of benefits such as less expenditure, speedy work, fewer requirements, communication facility and professional bookkeepers and accountants.
Bookkeeping can be done manually or with the aid of computer software.? But then bookkeeping is never an easy task.? It requires long hours of work, meticulous attitude and a great deal of patience.? It must be done carefully as it mirrors the financial position of the business which is the main basis for making organizational decisions.? If one is running a small business, he or she can manage through manual bookkeeping.? However when it comes to preparation of reports, difficulties may arise due to lack of knowledge and experience in carrying out the task.? Due to its complexities, any business, from small to large-scale, may find bookkeeping records not easy to manage and stored in a proper manner.
Bookkeeping firms, such as?bookkeeping NJ, offer quality bookkeeping and accounting services to give more time for business owners to focus on business needs.? The services they offer can be of great help to small businesses that equally need proper record-keeping but usually do not have enough funds to maintain the salary of professional and dedicated bookkeepers.??NJ bookkeeping?employs systematic techniques to manage accounts receivable, accounts payable, bank reconciliations, invoicing, filing of taxes, check reconciliations and collections.
Outsourcing offers numerous advantages you can never derive from in-house bookkeepers.? You just need to choose the best bookkeeping service provider who can give you the best?bookkeepingservices.
Source: http://scottwallace2010.com/achieving-accurate-bookkeeping-through-outsourcing-bookkeeping/
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Tuesday, 4 October 2011
Gravitational waves that are 'sounds of the universe'
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 2-Oct-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Jerry Barach
jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il
972-258-82904
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Oct. 2, 2011 -- Einstein wrote about them, and we're still looking for them -- gravitational waves, which are small ripples in the fabric of space-time, that many consider to be the sounds of our universe.
Just as sound complements vision in our daily life, gravitational waves will complement our view of the universe taken by standard telescopes.
Albert Einstein predicted gravitational waves in 1918. Today, almost 100 years later, advanced gravitational wave detectors are being constructed in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia to search for them.
While any motion produces gravitational waves, a signal loud enough to be detected requires the motion of huge masses at extreme velocities. The prime candidate sources are mergers of two neutron stars: two bodies, each with a mass comparable to the mass of our sun, spiraling around each other and merging at a velocity close to the speed of light.
Such events are rare, and take place once per hundreds of thousands of years per galaxy. Hence, to detect a signal within our lifetime the detectors must be sensitive enough to detect signals out to distances of a billion light years away from Earth. This poses an immense technological challenge. At such distances, the gravitational waves signal would sound like a faint knock on our door when a TV set is turned on and a phone rings at the same time.
Competing noise sources are numerous, ranging from seismic noise produce by tiny quakes or even a distant ocean wave. How can we know that we have detected a gravitational wave from space rather than a falling tree or a rambling truck?
Therefore, astronomers have been looking for years for a potential electromagnetic light signal that would accompany or follow the gravitational waves. This signal would allow us to "look through the peephole" after hearing the faint knock on the door, and verify that indeed "someone" is there. In their new article just published in Nature, Prof. Tsvi Piran, Schwarzmann University Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Dr. Ehud Nakar from Tel Aviv University describe having found just that.
They noticed that surrounding interstellar material would slow debris ejected at velocities close to the speed of light during the merger of two neutron stars. Heat generated during this process would be radiated away as radio waves. The resulting strong radio flare would last a few months and would be detectable with current radio telescopes from a billion light years away.
Search after such a radio signal would certainly take place following a future detection, or even a tentative detection of gravitational waves. However, even before the advanced gravitational wave detectors become operational, as expected in 2015, radio astronomers are geared to looking for these unique flares.
Nakar and Piran point out in their article that an unidentified radio transient observed in 1987 by Bower et al. has all the characteristics of such a radio flare and may in fact have been the first direct detection of a neutron star binary merger in this way.
###
Dr. Nakar's research was supported by an International Reintegration Grant from the European Union and a grant from the Israeli Science Foundation and an Alon Fellowship. Prof. Piran's research was supported by an Advanced European Research Council grant and by the High Energy Astrophysics Center of the Israeli Science Foundation.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 2-Oct-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Jerry Barach
jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il
972-258-82904
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Oct. 2, 2011 -- Einstein wrote about them, and we're still looking for them -- gravitational waves, which are small ripples in the fabric of space-time, that many consider to be the sounds of our universe.
Just as sound complements vision in our daily life, gravitational waves will complement our view of the universe taken by standard telescopes.
Albert Einstein predicted gravitational waves in 1918. Today, almost 100 years later, advanced gravitational wave detectors are being constructed in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia to search for them.
While any motion produces gravitational waves, a signal loud enough to be detected requires the motion of huge masses at extreme velocities. The prime candidate sources are mergers of two neutron stars: two bodies, each with a mass comparable to the mass of our sun, spiraling around each other and merging at a velocity close to the speed of light.
Such events are rare, and take place once per hundreds of thousands of years per galaxy. Hence, to detect a signal within our lifetime the detectors must be sensitive enough to detect signals out to distances of a billion light years away from Earth. This poses an immense technological challenge. At such distances, the gravitational waves signal would sound like a faint knock on our door when a TV set is turned on and a phone rings at the same time.
Competing noise sources are numerous, ranging from seismic noise produce by tiny quakes or even a distant ocean wave. How can we know that we have detected a gravitational wave from space rather than a falling tree or a rambling truck?
Therefore, astronomers have been looking for years for a potential electromagnetic light signal that would accompany or follow the gravitational waves. This signal would allow us to "look through the peephole" after hearing the faint knock on the door, and verify that indeed "someone" is there. In their new article just published in Nature, Prof. Tsvi Piran, Schwarzmann University Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Dr. Ehud Nakar from Tel Aviv University describe having found just that.
They noticed that surrounding interstellar material would slow debris ejected at velocities close to the speed of light during the merger of two neutron stars. Heat generated during this process would be radiated away as radio waves. The resulting strong radio flare would last a few months and would be detectable with current radio telescopes from a billion light years away.
Search after such a radio signal would certainly take place following a future detection, or even a tentative detection of gravitational waves. However, even before the advanced gravitational wave detectors become operational, as expected in 2015, radio astronomers are geared to looking for these unique flares.
Nakar and Piran point out in their article that an unidentified radio transient observed in 1987 by Bower et al. has all the characteristics of such a radio flare and may in fact have been the first direct detection of a neutron star binary merger in this way.
###
Dr. Nakar's research was supported by an International Reintegration Grant from the European Union and a grant from the Israeli Science Foundation and an Alon Fellowship. Prof. Piran's research was supported by an Advanced European Research Council grant and by the High Energy Astrophysics Center of the Israeli Science Foundation.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/thuo-gwt100211.php
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Afghanistan urges Pakistan to take steps for peace
Afghan men shout anti-Pakistan slogans during a rally, protesting against Pakistan's interference in Afghanistan, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Oct. 2, 2011. (AP Photo/Kamran Jebreili)
Afghan men shout anti-Pakistan slogans during a rally, protesting against Pakistan's interference in Afghanistan, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Oct. 2, 2011. (AP Photo/Kamran Jebreili)
Afghan police officers walk in front of anti-Pakistan demonstrators during a rally, protesting against Pakistan's interference in Afghanistan, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Oct. 2, 2011. (AP Photo/Kamran Jebreili)
An Afghan police walks casts his shadow on the ground during a rally, protesting against Pakistan's interference in Afghanistan, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Oct. 2, 2011. (AP Photo/Kamran Jebreili)
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? The Afghan government urged neighboring Pakistan on Sunday to take concrete steps to help end the Taliban insurgency and use its influence to bring the militants to direct peace talks.
The appeal follows accusations that Pakistan, through its historical ties with some of the militant groups, has played an active role in supporting attacks across the border on U.S. and Afghan targets ? a charge it denies.
The allegations against the country and the calls for its help reveal a central quandary in trying to end the decade of fighting that began with the U.S. invasion after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks: Pakistan, even if it has ties to groups behind the insurgency, would be of central importance in any effort to bring about a negotiated peace.
Afghan leaders, however, are growing impatient.
"Afghanistan has invested a great amount of goodwill and political capital to create an atmosphere of trust and confidence and to try to improve relations with Pakistan over the past three years," Foreign Ministry spokesman Janan Mosazai told reporters in Kabul.
"Unfortunately, we have not been witness to the type of concrete progress that we were expecting ? that was promised to us by our brothers and sisters in Pakistan," he said.
In particular, Afghanistan wants its neighbor's help in the "facilitation of direct negotiations with the Taliban leadership and with any other insurgent leaders who are prepared to join the Afghan national reconciliation process," Mosazai said.
Pakistan's northwest tribal region serves as a haven for insurgents fighting Afghan and U.S. forces across the border as well as the Pakistani government. Pakistan has ties with some of the militant groups dating back to the war in the 1980s against the Soviets in Afghanistan.
Afghan and U.S. officials, long frustrated at Pakistan's failure to wage an all-out battle against militants on its soil, have recently accused Islamabad of supporting attacks across the border, including an hours-long assault on the U.S. Embassy last month in Kabul.
Reflecting the deepening frustration, Afghan President Hamid Karzai said over the weekend that he was giving up on trying to talk to the Taliban directly and that the key to ending the war is mediation by Pakistan.
At the same time, Karzai has suspended a series of meetings between Afghanistan, Pakistan and the United States because of the fallout over accusations that Pakistan is playing a double game. The Afghan government said it had evidence that Pakistan played a role in the Sept. 20 assassination of former Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani.
Karzai's office said a special commission investigating Rabbani's death had concluded the attack was planned in Quetta, the Pakistani city where key Taliban leaders are based. The delegation also said the primary assailant was a Pakistani citizen.
Interior Minister Bismullah Khan Mohammadi said Saturday in an Afghan parliamentary session that Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence agency was involved in the killing.
Pakistan denied the allegation the allegation Sunday, calling it "baseless" and "irresponsible." It said the evidence given to Pakistan consisted of the confession of an Afghan national, Hamidullah Akundzadeh, accused of masterminding Rabbani's assassination.
"Instead of making such irresponsible statements, those in positions of authority in Kabul, should seriously deliberate as to why all those Afghans who are favorably disposed toward peace and toward Pakistan are systematically being removed from the scene and killed," said Pakistan's Foreign Ministry in a written statement.
Meanwhile, the members of the High Peace Council that Rabbani had headed met with Karzai and asked for a full review of the process. They said they do not want to waste time trying to reconcile with insurgents on the Pakistani side of the border who have not renounced violence, according to a presidential statement and members of the council.
That would be a major shift for the council, which was formed to try to find a way to get the Taliban leadership to the negotiating table.
"Those groups that are hiding in Pakistan, they are sending terrorists at us. So how can we have peace with those people?" said Ismail Qasemyar, one of the members who met with Karzai.
There is debate over how much influence Pakistan actually has with the Taliban, but most analysts believe that the country is vital to the success of any peace talks.
"My own sense is that Pakistani influence and connections and its clout is largely exaggerated," said Riffat Hussain, a professor of defense studies at Quaid-e-Azam University in Islamabad. "But if there is any player who can act as a bridge to bring these guys on board, it has to be Pakistan." Specifically, he said, the powerful Pakistani intelligence service must be involved.
Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari responded to the growing criticism in a weekend editorial in the Washington Post in which he said the U.S. was spending too much time dictating to Pakistan rather than treating its government as a partner.
___
Associated Press writers Heidi Vogt in Kabul and Sebastian Abbot in Islamabad contributed to this report.
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Sunday, 2 October 2011
How Do You Build Credit-Tips for Starting A Positive Credit History ...
Almost everyone needs credit. If you are renting an apartment, applying for a mortgage, applying for a car loan, or even applying for a job, you will need some type of credit history, as credit decisions are often based on your prior use of credit. If you are a young adult or are still in college, you have a unique opportunity to start building a solid credit history that can serve you for many years to come. By carefully building credit and avoiding credit mistakes, you can insure a strong credit history.
Although you may not have credit yet, you should try to get a copy of your credit report for the credit bureaus, so you can check if there is any inaccurate information. Additionally, you will want to make sure that you haven?t been a victim of identity theft, with someone using your name and trashing your credit. The three bureaus are: Equifax, Experian and Trans Union, and they can be contacted online, as well as by phone and mail.
One of the first steps to building credit is to open a checking and a savings account in your name. You may already have an account, and it is something many lenders will look at, as it show stability. If you only have a checking account, you may also want to open a savings account as well, which can be used as collateral for a secured loan, if necessary.
You should also have as many bills as you can listed in your name, such as your telephone and cellular bill. Make sure you pay all of your bills on time, as this is a major factor in your credit score. If you can, try to establish the accounts in your name only.
The next step would be to get a credit card. If you are a student, you may be bombarded by credit offers on campus. its a good idea to get one credit card, so if you find one available with low interest rates and a low or no annual fee, you may want to apply. Student credit cards are mainly designed for people with no prior credit, and they accept a large percentage of applicants. However, don?t get more than one card, as its too easy to start running up balances, and it also looks better for your credit if you don?t open a number of accounts in a short period of time.
If you are unable to get an unsecured credit card, you still have some options to establish credit with a credit card. If you have a savings account, your bank may let you apply for a secured credit card tied to your savings account. Over time, once you make regular on time payments, you should be able to qualify for a non-secured card. You should also make sure your payments are reported to the credit bureaus, otherwise you won?t be building your credit history.
Another option is to get a co-signer. If someone has good credit, that will extend it to you, by putting their name as being jointly responsible for your limit on your card. this will help your credit history if you pay off the loan in a responsible way. If you do have a co-signer, you have a serious responsibility to make sure your payments are timely, or you will hurt their credit as well as your own.
With some foresight, it can be relatively easy to start building credit. Once you get a credit card, its important to keep the balance low, and to make regular, on time payments. The card should be used as a tool for credit building, not as a additional spending money. Over time, you credit will start to look better and better.
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Saturday, 1 October 2011
Alphabet Soup? Nope, Those are Real Estate Agent Designations ...
Alphabet Soup? Nope, Those are Real Estate Agent Designations!
What do the letters behind a real estate agent?s name stand for? Real estate agents, like doctors, lawyers, and other professionals can ear designations, certifications, and other credentials. These are usually shown by putting a series of initials after the agent?s name. The most common designations and certifications are: Broker, REALTOR, e-Pro, CHMS, GRI, ABR, and CRS.
What does an agent have to do to obtain the designation or certification?
e-Pro requires an agent take a class on basic computer skills. It has no real estate content, but ensures your agent can use email and the web. It should really be a bare minimum bar for the technology aptitude of your agent.
REALTOR is the one of the easier credentials to obtain (but one of the hardest to live up to). A REALTOR is a real estate agent that belongs to the National Association of REALTORS and agrees to follow the Realtor Code of Ethics. You can read about the code here http://www.realtor.org/mempolweb.nsf/pages/Code?OpenDocument
Broker is a bit harder to obtain than REALTOR. In Texas, for example, a broker license is required to be able to operate your own real estate company. An agent must have their license for 2 years and complete over 600 hours of real estate education prior to applying for a broker?s license. The broker?s license is granted upon completion of an exam administered by the state. Brokers are basically real estate agents with advanced educations.
GRI stands for Graduate Realtor Institute. Less than 50% of agents have this designation. The GRI requires 12 days of continuing education with passing grades on three exams. There are no production or time requirements so an agent can literally earn this designation by sitting in class for 12 days and passing the tests. This designation is in no way a measure of real estate sales experience.
ABR stands for Accredited Buyer?s Representative. Less than 30% of agents have this designation. This designation combines 2 days of classroom work and an exam with the requirement that the agent show proof of at least five buyer sales. This designation shows that the agent has had both formal classroom time and in the field experience.
CRS stands for Certified Residential Specialist. Less than 4% of all agents have this designation. This is the most difficult designation to obtain and is a measure of a high degree of formal education and real world transactional experience. To obtain a CRS, the agent must attend three 2-day classes, pass three exams, and provide proof of 25 closed transactions within the last 24 months. While the transaction experience isn?t a huge amount, it does weed out the inexperienced agents and the classes weed out those agents who aren?t dedicated to continuing education.
Other designations are out there, but for the most part they are issued by inconsequential groups and have no real bearing on the agent?s abilities and are used more for marketing purposes than anything else.
source: Alphabet Soup? Nope, Those are Real Estate Agent Designations!
Related Real Estate Articles
Source: http://www.forclosureinfoca.org/alphabet-soup-nope-those-are-real-estate-agent-designations/
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High-performance simulation, neutrons uncover 3 classes of protein motion
Public release date: 30-Sep-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Morgan McCorkle
mccorkleml@ornl.gov
865-574-7308
DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Sept. 30, 2011 -- Molecular motion in proteins comes in three distinct classes, according to a collaboration by researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee, in research reported in Physical Review Letters.
The research team, directed by ORNL-UT Governor's Chairs Jeremy Smith and Alexei Sokolov, combined high-performance computer simulation with neutron scattering experiments to understand atomic-level motions that underpin the operations of proteins.
"The analysis and interpretation of neutron scattering spectra are always difficult for complex molecules such as proteins," said Smith, who directs ORNL's Center for Molecular Biophysics. "We've performed experiments and then shown that simulation can provide a clear view of them. It allows us to see through the complexity and find out what motions are going on."
Defining the motions present -- localized diffusion, methyl group rotations and jumps -- is important as it allows scientists to think about how the motions determine the functions of proteins that are critical to all life.
"First, we found that experiment and simulation agreed perfectly with each other, which is remarkable," Smith said. "Second, the simulations told us that this type of neutron scattering can be interpreted in a very simple way."
Although the team performed its research on a particular protein called lysozyme, a natural antibacterial enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites, the researchers anticipate the technique will have a much broader impact in the neutron scattering community, aiding research in areas such as biofuel design or environmental remediation.
The combined simulation and neutron scattering approach should also be of use in the characterization of non-biological materials such as polymers. Smith notes that approximately half the neutron scattering experiments at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source involve the study of motions in materials.
"These methods are of general applicability," Smith said. "Many experimentalists can now come to the ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source, measure a spectrum of whatever sample they have, and then apply this analysis in terms of three classes of motion to interpret their results."
###
The research was primarily conducted by ORNL's Liang Hong, with the support of Benjamin Lindner and Nikolai Smolin from ORNL. They performed neutron scattering experiments at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source on the BASIS instrument and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. The work was published as "Three classes of motion in the dynamic neutron scattering susceptibility of a globular protein."
The simulation component of the work was supported by ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program, while the neutron scattering component was supported by an Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCOR) grant to the University of Tennessee from the DOE Office of Science.
ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Image: http://www.ornl.gov/info/press_releases/photos/smith_sokolov.jpg
Caption: Lysozyme (shown in blue) -- a natural enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites -- can break down bacterial cell walls (shown in pink). ORNL researchers have combined computational simulation and neutron experiments to clarify the complicated motions of proteins such as lysozyme into three distinct classes.
NOTE TO EDITORS: You may read other press releases from Oak Ridge National Laboratory or learn more about the lab at http://www.ornl.gov/news. Additional information about ORNL is available at the sites below:
Twitter - http://twitter.com/oakridgelabnews
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Public release date: 30-Sep-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Morgan McCorkle
mccorkleml@ornl.gov
865-574-7308
DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Sept. 30, 2011 -- Molecular motion in proteins comes in three distinct classes, according to a collaboration by researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee, in research reported in Physical Review Letters.
The research team, directed by ORNL-UT Governor's Chairs Jeremy Smith and Alexei Sokolov, combined high-performance computer simulation with neutron scattering experiments to understand atomic-level motions that underpin the operations of proteins.
"The analysis and interpretation of neutron scattering spectra are always difficult for complex molecules such as proteins," said Smith, who directs ORNL's Center for Molecular Biophysics. "We've performed experiments and then shown that simulation can provide a clear view of them. It allows us to see through the complexity and find out what motions are going on."
Defining the motions present -- localized diffusion, methyl group rotations and jumps -- is important as it allows scientists to think about how the motions determine the functions of proteins that are critical to all life.
"First, we found that experiment and simulation agreed perfectly with each other, which is remarkable," Smith said. "Second, the simulations told us that this type of neutron scattering can be interpreted in a very simple way."
Although the team performed its research on a particular protein called lysozyme, a natural antibacterial enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites, the researchers anticipate the technique will have a much broader impact in the neutron scattering community, aiding research in areas such as biofuel design or environmental remediation.
The combined simulation and neutron scattering approach should also be of use in the characterization of non-biological materials such as polymers. Smith notes that approximately half the neutron scattering experiments at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source involve the study of motions in materials.
"These methods are of general applicability," Smith said. "Many experimentalists can now come to the ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source, measure a spectrum of whatever sample they have, and then apply this analysis in terms of three classes of motion to interpret their results."
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The research was primarily conducted by ORNL's Liang Hong, with the support of Benjamin Lindner and Nikolai Smolin from ORNL. They performed neutron scattering experiments at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source on the BASIS instrument and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. The work was published as "Three classes of motion in the dynamic neutron scattering susceptibility of a globular protein."
The simulation component of the work was supported by ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program, while the neutron scattering component was supported by an Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCOR) grant to the University of Tennessee from the DOE Office of Science.
ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Image: http://www.ornl.gov/info/press_releases/photos/smith_sokolov.jpg
Caption: Lysozyme (shown in blue) -- a natural enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites -- can break down bacterial cell walls (shown in pink). ORNL researchers have combined computational simulation and neutron experiments to clarify the complicated motions of proteins such as lysozyme into three distinct classes.
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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/drnl-hsn093011.php
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